Broadcasting Definitions

The FM Transmitter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz The FM Transmitter then amplifies the RF signal to the required RF Power for the FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio.

The FM Translator converts the off-air Multiplex FM Stereo signal to the new FM Signal to be re-broadcast on another FM Frequency. The FM Translator is used for re-broadcasting or gap-filing of FM Radio Signals. The Output of the FM Translator is then fed to the FM Translator antenna to broadcast to the new area or to the listener’s radio.

An FM Receiver is used to receive FM radio program off-air and either convert to audio program or to stereo multiplex program. The professional FM Receiver is used in an FM Translator or FM Gap filler to receive the program off-air for rebroadcast. The FM Receiver is normally configured in the 88 to 108MHz band.

The VHF RF Amplifier is a radio Frequency (RF) amplifier utilized in an FM Transmitter to boost the FM Signal from the FM Exciter via the VHF FM Amplifier to the RF power required by the broadcaster to radiate his radio station to the desired coverage area. The Exciter and the VHF FM Amplifier are the main modules in an FM Transmitter.

The FM Exciter is the term given to an FM low power Transmitter that is used to drive a VHF FM Transmitter. The Exciter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz. The Exciter can also modulate a Multiplex signal to the FM Frequency.

The Stereo Encoder is utilized to modulate the stereo audio signal (left and Right) onto the stereo signal sub-carriers which then becomes the multiplex signal with the mono sub carrier and 19kHz pilot tone. The Stereo Encoder can be supplied individually or the Stereo Encoder can be fitted into an FM Exciter.

The RF Amplifier is a radio Frequency (RF) amplifier utilized in an FM Transmitter to boost the FM Signal from the FM Exciter via the RF Amplifier to the RF power required by the broadcaster to radiate his radio station to the desired coverage area. The Exciter and the RF Amplifier are the main modules in an FM Transmitter.

The 1W FM Transmitter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 1W (watt) The 1W FM Transmitter then amplifies the RF signal to 1W  RF Power for the 1W FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio.

The 25W FM Transmitter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 25W (watt) The 25W FM Transmitter then amplifies the RF signal to 25W RF Power for the 25W FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio. Or the 25W FM Transmitter is used as a 25W RF exciter to drive higher power amplifiers

The 50W FM Transmitter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 50W (watt) The 50W FM Transmitter then amplifies the RF signal to 50W  RF Power for the 50W FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio. Or the 50W FM Transmitter is used as a 50W RF exciter to drive higher power RF amplifiers

The 100W FM Transmitter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 100W (watt) The 100W FM Transmitter then amplifies the RF signal to 100W  RF Power for the 100W FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio.

The 250W FM Transmitter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 250W (watt) The 250W FM Transmitter then amplifies the RF signal to 250W  RF Power for the 250W FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio.

The EX2-500LD solid state VHF FM Exciter/transmitter is a compact, versatile and economical unit. The unit provides exceptional stereo audio performance with an R.F. output in excess of 500, using ‘state-of-the-art” LDMOS Technology. The EX2-500LD includes a digital display for metered parameters and unique VU meters for modulation monitoring. This is achieved by an integrated “stereo decoder”.
(This eliminates the need for program interface metering). The EX2-500LD includes an agile PLL synthesizer with local and remote frequency control making it suitable for N+1 operation.

The 1kW FM Transmitter consists of a 25W Exciter and 1kW RF amplifier. The 25W Exciter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 25W (watt). The 25W Exciter then drives the 1kW RF Amplifier in the  1kW FM Transmitter to provide the RF output of 1kW  RF Power for the 1kW FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio’s.

The 2kW FM Transmitter consists of a 50W Exciter and two 1kW RF Amplifiers and a 2 way combiner. The 50W Exciter converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 50W (watt). The 50W Exciter then drives the two 1kW RF Amplifiers combined in the 2kW FM Transmitter to provide the RF output of 2kW  for the 2kW FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listeners radio’s.

The 3kW FM Transmitter consists of a 100W Exciter and three 1kW RF Amplifiers and a 3 way combiner. The 100W Exciter which converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 100W (watt). The 100W Exciter then drives the three 1kW RF Amplifiers combined in the 3kW FM Transmitter to provide the RF output of 3kW for the 3kW FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listener’s radios.

The LDMOS 5kW FM Transmitter consists of a 25W Exciter drives four 1.25kW LDMOS RF Amplifiers and via a 4 way combiner, output the RF level of 5kW. The 25W Exciter which converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 25W (watt).

The 10kW FM Transmitter consists of a 250W Exciter and two 5kW RF Amplifiers and a 2 way combiner. The 250W Exciter which converts the Mono or Stereo audio signal from the radio studio to the FM frequency of the station in the FM Transmitter range of 87.5MHz to 108MHz at the RF Power of 250W (watt). The 250W Exciter then drives the two 5kW RF Amplifiers combined in the 10kW FM Transmitter to provide the RF output of 10kW for the 10kW FM Transmitter site, to be radiated from the FM Antenna to the listener’s radios.

The UHF Link is a studio to transmitter link in the UHF frequency band from 300 to 950MHz. The UHF Link is used to link stereo audio programs over a distance of up to 50km. The UHF Link has the RF power range from 5 to 15W.

The STL is a studio to transmitter link in the UHF frequency band from 300 to 950MHz. The STL is used to link stereo audio programs over a distance of up to 50km. The STL has the RF power range from 5 to 15W.

The HD-Radio translator converts the off-air HD-Radio Hybrid Multiplex FM Stereo signal to the new FM HD-Radio Signal to be re-broadcast on another FM Frequency. The HD Radio Translator is used for re-broadcasting or gap-filing of FM HD-Radio Signals. The Output of the HD Radio Translator is then fed to the HD Radio Translator antenna to broadcast to the new area or to the listeners HD-Radio’s radio.

The HD-Radio or IBOC translator converts the off-air IBOC Hybrid Multiplex FM Stereo signal to the new FM IBOC Signal to be re-broadcast on another FM Frequency. The IBOC Translator is used for re-broadcasting or gap-filing of FM HD-Radio (IBOC) Signals. The Output of the IBOC Translator is then fed to the IBOC Translator antenna to broadcast to the new area or to the listeners HD-Radio’s radio.

An FM Antenna is utilized to receive or radiate the FM Program to the listener’s radio. The FM Antenna can consist of a simple dipole or dipole array or FM Panel antenna array to achieve the desired coverage pattern. The typical FM antenna consists of 1, 2 or 4 stack dipoles. The FM Antenna Dipole can be vertically or circular polarized.

An FM Dipole is utilized to radiate the FM Program to the listener’s radio. The FM Dipole can be used as a simple dipole or in a dipole array or to achieve the desired coverage pattern and gain. The typical FM Dipole consists of folder radiating element. The FM Dipole can be vertically or circular polarized.

A Power Splitter is utilized in conjunction with a number of radiating antenna’s. RF power Splitter, splits the RF power into the number of antenna’s in the antenna array. Typically they are supplied in 2, 4, 6 and 8 configurations with each split of the power splitter equally matched in impedance to the input impedance.

An FM Demodulator is utilized to demodulate the FM RF frequency and extract the FM Multiplex signal or to further decode the Multiplex signal to audio Left and Right. The FM Demodulator can be used for signal quality monitoring or the FM Demodulator can be used to provide the Stereo audio left and right signal when only the multiplex signal is available.

The Stereo Monitor consists of a stereo audio amplifier with audio signal level monitoring displayed on audio PPM Meters. Stereo monitor is used on transmitter sites and in studio’s to provide audio signal quality monitoring or comparison between different signals. The Stereo monitor can incorporate stereo audio speakers to provide stereo audio monitoring.

The Stereo Audio Amplifier consists of a stereo audio amplifier with audio signal level monitoring displayed on audio PPM Meters. Stereo audio Amplifier is used to drive stereo speakers for audio listening or for audio monitoring. The Stereo audio amplifier can incorporate stereo audio speakers to provide stereo audio monitoring in one unit.

The Stereo distribution amplifier is utilized in either a studio or transmitter systems and is used to distribute 1 or 2 incoming stereo audio signals to an number of stereo outputs. The Stereo distribution amplifier can provide the impedance matching of the audio inputs to the distributed outputs. The Stereo Distribution Amplifier can also correct the audio level from the input to the distributed stereo outputs.

An FM Combiner is utilized to combine a number of FM frequencies to be radiated from the same wide band FM antenna system. An FM Combiner can also be used to combine a number of RF outputs on the same frequency and phase to double, or quadruple the RF output power. The FM Combiner can be the cavity filter input type or a 3dB couple type offering constant impedance input.

A Road tunnel FM rebroadcast system is utilized in road tunnels to re-broadcast the FM radio programs received by the road listeners, outside the tunnel into the tunnel. The Road tunnel FM rebroadcast system has the facility for audio break-in of emergency announcements onto all of the FM Channels rebroadcast into the road tunnels. The Road tunnel FM Rebroadcast system can rebroadcast the radio program son the same frequency into the tunnel as the program frequency outside the tunnel.

BIF is the abbreviation for Break-in Facility. The BIF term is used for the road tunnel radio rebroadcast systems where audio break-in or BIF on all of the channels is required for providing emergency announcements to vehicle listeners inside road tunnel.

The FM Linear amplifier provides amplification of an FM signal with some form of amplitude modulation (AM) on it provides amplification of an FM signal with some form of amplitude modulation (AM) on it. An FM Linear amplifier is utilized where the FM signal contains some digital signals in a spread spectrum format. An FM Linear amplifier can also be utilized to amplify a wideband spectrum of different FM Frequencies.

The VHF Band Linear amplifier provides amplification of an signals in the VHF band with some form of amplitude modulation (AM) in them. A VHF band Linear amplifier is utilized where the signal contains some digital signals in a spread spectrum format. A VHF band Linear amplifier can also be utilized to amplify a wide band spectrum of different FM Frequencies.

The FM Band Pass filter is utilized to isolate an RF source at a particular frequency from the full FM spectrum or other FM Signal sources on other frequencies. The FM Band Pass Filter can be constructed with either cavity filter, or with resistors, inductance and capacitors in a simple or complex RC network. The FM Band Pass Filter is one of the components is a star point combiner.

Encore is the product name given to the LARCAN HD-Radio translator product developed by BSE. The Encore product line incorporates HD-Radio translators in the FM Power range of 25 to 250W.

The Encore range of products consists of an FM-HD-Radio translator with separate linear amplifiers of 25W, 100W and 250W RF Power.